Atom
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest unit of a compound.
Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants use sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water.
Evolution
The process by which different kinds of living organisms develop and diversify from earlier forms.
Gravity
The force that attracts objects toward the center of the earth or any other celestial body.
Ecosystem
A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
The molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.
Neuron
A nerve cell that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
Protein
A molecule made of amino acids essential for the structure and function of living cells.
Gene
A unit of heredity in living organisms, made up of DNA.
Energy
The capacity to do work or cause physical change.
Force
An interaction that changes the motion of an object.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Biodiversity
The variety of life in a particular ecosystem or on Earth as a whole.
Climate Change
Long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns, often caused by human activities.
Black Hole
A region of space with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing can escape it.
Big Bang Theory
The scientific theory describing the origin of the universe as a massive expansion.
Fossil
Remains or impressions of ancient organisms preserved in rock.
Galaxy
A system of millions or billions of stars, along with gas and dust, held together by gravity.
Habitat
The natural environment in which an organism lives.
Quantum Mechanics
The branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles on the atomic and subatomic scale.
Theory of Relativity
Einstein’s theory describing the interrelation of time, space, and gravity.
Virus
A tiny infectious agent that can only replicate within the cells of a host organism.
Immune System
The body’s defense against infectious organisms and other invaders.
Metamorphosis
A developmental transformation in some animals, like a caterpillar becoming a butterfly.
Volcano
An opening in Earth's crust that allows magma, gas, and ash to escape.
Tectonic Plates
Large pieces of Earth's crust that move due to geological activity.
Mutation
A change in DNA sequence, potentially affecting an organism's traits.
Osmosis
The movement of water across a membrane from a region of low to high solute concentration.
Radioactivity
The emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei.
Erosion
The gradual wearing away of land by wind, water, and other natural forces.
Antibody
A protein that identifies and neutralizes foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
Hormone
Chemical messengers in the body that regulate various functions.
Climate
The long-term pattern of weather conditions in an area.
Planet
A celestial body orbiting a star, such as Earth.
Solar System
The Sun and all celestial bodies bound to it by gravity, including planets and moons.
Nucleus
The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
Epidemic
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community.
Hypothesis
A proposed explanation for an observation, to be tested scientifically.
Spectrum
The range of electromagnetic waves, including visible light.
Fusion
The process of combining two nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.
Equilibrium
A state of balance in a system where opposing forces or influences are equal.
Ecology
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Biodegradable
Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms.
Conservation
The protection and preservation of natural resources and environments.